The Ballot or the Bullet

How do Malcolm X’s arguments for black nationalism, particularly his presentation of it as a “do-it-yourself philosophy,” relate to the ideas of previous black separatist leaders like Booker T. Washington and Marcus Garvey? In what ways does Malcolm’s philosophy about black nationalism expand beyond his predecessors’ ideas?

In his speech, Malcolm X discusses a number of problems which remain relevant in the United States. Which of his concerns remain today? How do these issues continue to deprive certain groups of civil rights and voting rights?

Malcolm X compares the situation of black Americans to that of the colonized in Africa and Asia. Do you agree with this comparison? If so, in what ways are their conditions similar? If you disagree, explain why the circumstances are not comparable.